ґрунтовий покрив

The migration of highly concentrated pesticide solutions in the soil has been experimentally studied. A mathematical model of the diffusion process in the soil environment has been developed. Based on the mathematical model, a system of equations for calculating the duration and intensity of the process depending on environmental parameters was obtained. The dependence of the process velocity on the direction of the diffusion front is determined, and the diffusion coefficients, kinetic coefficients of the diffusion process and the diffusion front velocity were calculated.

For the design foundation, it is important to know not only the structure and load of the building, but also soils properties in the subsoil. Ignoring soil properties may result in an incorrect design of foundation, which may later cause a failure in building structure, because generally known foundations function is to transfer load effects into the ground. In smaller buildings, an engineeringgeological survey is not usually carried out, but basic data on the territory is obtained from archive reports.

The problem of permanent and prolonged pollution of soils by various kinds of pollutants, in particular heavy metals, was analyzed. Experimental investigations of penetration of copper sulfate into a vertical soil profile have been carried out. The adsorption capacity of the sandy environment of copper sulfate
was experimentally determined.

The paper is focused on the research of migration process of heavy metals in the soil environment in the area of phosphogypsum storage in Sumy region. In the profile of the gray forest soils the corresponding genetic horizons were identified. The various structures of compounds containing heavy metals were detected in the samples by the diffractometric analysis. The increased gross content of lead in comparison with the background concentration in allocated humus and illuvial horizons has been determined.

The paper presents assessment of the impact of Sumy CHP when pollutants come into soils with atmospheric precipitation and filtration from the area of the ash and slug dump. Samples of snow were tested for the content of heavy metals and ash particles. Soil samples were tested for the content of heavy metals. The conducted research showed a high degree of soil contamination in the area of Sumy CHP influence.

The problem of penetration of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil is analyzed. The influence of adsorption process on the rate of transfer of fertilizers in the vertical profile of the soil is determined. Experimental researches of adsorption properties of soil environment on the base of absorption of calcium nitrate by soil are done. Проаналізовано проблему проникнення азотних добрив вглиб ґрунту. Визначено вплив процесу адсорбції на швидкість перенесення добрив по вертикальному профілю ґрунту.

The temperature impact on the rocks is the cause of additional stress and strain on them and also phase transformations (freezing and thawing) of the pore fluid. In writing this article aim was to develop the experimental data needed for the development of methodic, directed at determining the temperature fields in rocks, in which are arranged the collectors of heat pumps. Identified and analyzed, and the impact of additional load on the ground bases and foundations, which are reservoirs of groundwater heat pumps.

Мета. Вивчення магнетизму ґрунтового покриву гірських масивів Карпат та Передкарпаття при розв’язанні низки екологічних, ґрунтознавчих та геологорозвідувальних задач. У такому разі необхідною є інформація про магнітні властивості еталонних незмінених ґрунтових покривів на ділянках пошуків вуглеводнів, ерозійних процесів, забруднення довкілля. Попри значний об’єм даних про магнітні властивості ґрунтів України, що зібраний сьогодні, гірсько-лісові ґрунти Карпат залишаються доволі слабко вивченими.

Проаналізовано і дано генетико-морфологічну оцінку існуючих класифікацій, що дасть можливість в майбутньому значно вдосконалити їх з урахуванням сучасних методичних підходів. Особливу увагу необхідно звернути на термінологію окремих таксономічних одиниць, використаних при класифікації техногенних грунтів.

Проаналізовано сучасні проблеми здійснення моніторингу грунтового покриву в Україні, а також намічені конкретні заходи щодо його удосконалення з урахуванням вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду.