утилізація

The article is devoted to the study of reducing the technogenic load on the environment due to the integrated processing of household metal scrap. A waste-free, resource-saving, and environmentally safe method is proposed for extracting technical products from tin cans scrap - iron (III) oxide, tin (II) complex, suitable for further use, as well as fertilizer for agricultural crops. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the direction of cans scrap recycling was selected with an assessment of the parameters and factors affecting the reagent process of scrap disposal.

Waste (tailings) of mining and processing plants of Kryvbas were studied by the stages of their magnetic enrichment. The granulometric compositions of the tailings, the amount of iron (total and magnetic) and the mass fraction of solid in them are determined. The expediency of disposing of ferruginous quartzite waste at the first stage of enrichment as a silica component in cellular concretes is proved. Optimal compositions of aerated concrete mixtures are determined based on the following criteria: the average density of cellular concrete in the dry state and its compressive strength.

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

The National Strategy and the National Waste Management Plan in Ukraine until 2030, the regional
program for solid waste management in the Ternopil region for 2018-2020 on the reality of conducting key infrastructure measures and achieving the desired result for society are studied. An improved version of the solid waste management scheme in the Ternopil region and a suitable scheme for solid waste management in the city of Ternopil within the regional complexes for the municipal waste recovery are proposed and the sources of their financing are substantiated.

In Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and world environmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed.

Виявлені закономірності процесу ущільнення пінополістирольних пластиків в рідинних середовищах, встановлено вплив природи середовища, температури і технологічних характеристик пінополістиролу (уявна густина, ступінь подрібнення) на кінетику вивільнення газової фази в умовах сегментальної рухливості полістиролу. Запропонована конструкція і методику розрахунку реактора для проведення процесу дегазації пінополістиролу за безперервною схемою.

In the article the estimation was conducted of ecological danger from the uncontrolled accumulation of arboreal wastes in the region of Pokutsko – Bukovinian Carpathians. The optimum terms of drying of wood wastes have been studied in an immobile layer. The optimum conditions are set of getting of fuel brequettes from wood wastes by the pressing method. As relating component  lignincontaining industrial wastes are used. The principal technological scheme  is offered of fuel granules production from wood wastes by the pressing method.

The problem of accumulation of spent sorbents is considered in the article; The main methods of desorption of pollutants and regeneration of sorbents are described; the effectiveness of the method of chemical desorption for extracting Nikel ions (II) from bentonite clays is investigated; the main ways of utilization of spent sorbents are considered

The formation and properties of sugar beet pulp have been analysed in the article. It has been proposed to use it as raw material to produce activated carbon. A better hydrophilicity of the obtained carbon in comparison with the samples of industrial production has been shown. Structural features and a porous structure of carbon made of sugar beet pulp have been analysed by X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering methods. It has been found that pores with average radii of inertia of 3.5 nm make the main contribution to the pore structure.

The technological scheme of reprocessing the systems on the basis of concentrated nitrate acid containing compounds of iodine is presented. The offered scheme allows to reach the degree of utilization that exceeds 99 %. Наведено принципову технологічну схему переробки систем на основі концентрованої нітратної кислоти, яка містить сполуки йоду. Схема, що пропонується, дає змогу досягнути ступеня утилізації, що перевищує 99 %.