This article is devoted to the study of one of the priority issues that remains in scientific research, namely, the worldview and methodological understanding of the role and purpose of modern law and its principles through the prism of general legal theory.
The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal justification of the organic laws of society and their significance for the stability of the social organism and the realization of human rights and freedoms. Organic laws are considered fundamental principles that determine the internal integrity of society, ensure harmony between individual autonomy and collective interests, and serve as a criterion for the legitimacy and effectiveness of positive law.
Abstract. Throughout its historical existence, humanity has sought to comprehend, understand, and become aware of itself, the surrounding world, its place within the world, and the world within itself. In this respect, the realms of religion and law are no exception. Since ancient times, humanity has been interested in the nature and essence of human relations, as well as the norms and rules that define their characteristics.
The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal offences against the will, honour and dignity of a person in the context of modern Ukrainian legislation. The author highlights how the legal regulation of these categories has historically transformed, which has a significant impact on the interpretation and application of criminal law in modern conditions.
Meta-anthropological methodology expands the boundaries of the traditional understanding of law, including philosophical, cultural and anthropological aspects, which is important for solving modern problems of international law, such as the protection of human rights, conflicts of cultures, migration, environmental issues and global security issues.
Existentialism is considered as the “past” philosophical trend and lifestyle, the popularity and flowering of which falls on the 40s-70s of the XX century. Also, no one reads the works of existentialists and they fall like dust on library shelves. The peer-reviewed newest handbook on contemporary existentialism challenges these two statements and opens up new ways of existential thinking in the XXI century. Its sections impress with the novelty of the subjects of existential reflection: from methodologies and technologies to the phenomenon of aging and disability.
The article clarifies the determining features of justice as a legal value through the prism of modern legal understanding. It is noted that justice is one of the most important problems of our time, which reflects the extremely complex dialectical processes of the legal development of global society. As a value, it forms the worldview attitudes of society, people’s vision of their future, their eternal aspirations for harmony and perfection of social relations. And also allows to comprehensively understand the meaning and content of modern processes of state and law-making.
The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the definition of lawful behavior, an understanding of its criteria, types, mechanism of formation and implementation in modern circumstances. Lawful behavior as a type of social behavior is a complex process of human and law interaction. This interaction consists in the influence of law on the behavior of an individual who, guided by the value system established in his mind, chooses his own model of behavior.
The article defines the influence of European principles on the formation of social responsibility of local self-government.
The article examines the essence of the nature of the phenomenon of aggression and characterizes it as a determining factor of illegal human behavior. Various definitions of the concept of aggression as one of the internal deep-psychological determinants of behavior are considered. It is substantiated that aggression, as a predetermined and socially determined behavior, is inextricably linked with the satisfaction of the basic life needs of an individual.