pressure

The article is devoted to the study of the features of continuous monitoring of changes in the color of information channels of passive pressure-temperature sensors, tracking the spectral distribution of the light intensity of the liquid crystal color depending on the operating conditions. The main direction of application of such sensors can be “screening” of chemically active environments, deployment of temporary objects of short-term use in conditions of a pandemic, or military operations, etc.

The work proposes the use of a unique method of creating passive, multifunctional, non-contact pressure-temperature sensors. The basis of this method is a combination of inorganic semiconductors and high-molecular organic cholesteric crystals. According to their morphology, such crystals represent a spiral structure that is sensitive to changes in external physical factors, such as temperatures, due to changes in the periodicity of the structure, which leads to Bragg diffraction scattering of light on it.

In this paper, the estimation error of Dr. Pole's empirical equation was evaluated using copper pipes of different diameters (0.00953, 0.0127, 0.01588 m), under different flow pressure conditions (0, 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 L/h). To carry out the experiments, the following instruments were used: an air compressor, 2 flow valves, a needle valve, a gas rotameter, copper piping, pressure gauges and transmitters, a Norus data logger with 4 to 20 mA output signals, thermocouples, and thermoresistors.

In the article, the design of a centrifugal pump with a single-vane impeller is described and a theoretical calculation of such a pump is provided.  The analysis of experimental investigations and the comparison with theoretical calculations are carried out.  For the first time, the operating characteristics of a pump with a single-vane impeller of this type are obtained for different values of the rotation frequency.

Pumping stations that provide fluid transportation by pipeline are significant consumers of electricity. Energy overruns due to sub-optimal modes of operation of individual high-power units or sub-optimal number of simultaneously operating less powerful units are quite significant and can have a significant impact on overall energy consumption. Energy overruns at pumping stations also lead to significant overruns in electricity grid elements.

As low velocity zones result from temperature destruction of rocks uncompensated by pressure at 5-20 km depths, changes in T at these depths can lead to change in intensity of the thickness of these zones and rate of decrease in Vp within them. Crustal thermobaric zones are shown to increase, decrease and disappear depending on ∂T/∂Н, ∂Р/∂Н, λ, Т. Instability of the crustal thermobaric zones of low velocity result in their episodic occurrence in the crust and their vertical and horizontal migration depending on temperature fluctuations in the crust.

A method for estimating and predicting abnormal layer and pore pressure during drilling of oil and gas wells using finite element method is elaborated. Utilizing simulated stress-strain state of a real model of a massif it is shown the qualitative agreement of results with theoretical calculations. We identified evaluation and prediction of pore and layer pressures and reservoir in the rock massif.

Nowadays, industrial development creates new and more complex processes leading to emergence of specific conditions for use of sensors and therefore specific measurement tasks. These circumstances lead to new requirements both for the methods of measurement and for sensors that implement these methods. Developments in microelectronic technologies and materials science have led to a significant number of types of pressure sensors.

Nowadays the problem of quick-changing non-stationary values measurement is extremely actual in various modern technical systems (parameters control of engine combustion chamber, testing of aerospace complex products, scientific researches etc.). There are sufficiently effective ways of such measurement. However, increase in the speed of such methods is needed urgently. The attempt of finding the new approach to the problem of sensor output signal processing when measuring non-stationary values using the example of non-stationary pressure measurement by piezoresistive sensors is presented.

A calculation of the empirical relationships that link the volumetric compression, porosity and pressure in porous rocks of an arbitrary geological region is suggested. The calculation of correlations and empirical relationships between reservoir properties and parameters of elastic waves is conducted by the data of Zaluszany’s wells, which distinguish dry and oil-gas saturated rocks. A detection of oil and water by the density parameter is proposed. A unified algorithm for these calculations is built.