реконструкція

Для реконструкції зображень розподілу провідності за даними томографічного експерименту біполярної імпедансної томографії (БІТ) синтезовано структуру штучної нейронної мережі (ШНМ) прямого поширення сигналу, вхідним вектором якої є дані томографічного експерименту, а вектором виходу – зображення розподілу провідності. Шляхом комп’ютерного імітаційного моделювання досліджено метод реконструкції із застосуванням нейронної мережі.

Architectural features of typical low-rise residential buildings in the period 1939-1955 in ukraine are considered. It was noted that it was at this time that the mass construction of housing for the population in Ukraine was actively developing during industrialization, consolidation of villages (creation of «agricultural towns») and post-war reconstruction. Such typical housing was characteristic of many cities and towns during these years and reflected the spirit and needs of the time.

After World War II, the creative thinking of architects in Japan resulted in metabolism, a new architectural direction with an ideology that corresponded to the culture and lifestyle of the state. The metabolism theory was based on the principle of individual development of a living organism (ontogenesis) and coevolution. Metabolism combined ideas about architectural megastructures with ideas of organic growth.

Globally, cities have two options for growth: extensive and intensive. The former involves expanding the city's area to accommodate increased development or population. However, this option has significant drawbacks, including longer travel times within the city, loss of arable or recreational land around the city, and the need to construct new infrastructure. As a result, many cities opt for the intensive approach, which maximizes land use efficiency.

Wars change the pace of urban development. Destruction of the material structure and needs of residents provoke a reassessment of approaches to city reconstruction. The experience of rebuilding cities after the Second World War is divided into several stages. They are distinguished by the limit of compromise between conservative and modernist traditions. (Diefendorf. 1989; Bullock, 2002; Harlander 2012). rebuilding the material substance of cities and the problems of preserving and creating the identity of cities are equally important in the process of reconstruction.

Problem statement. Because of the military aggression of the Russian Federation, the Ukrainian people and the authorities face demanding challenges regarding the reconstruction of the country. One of the main priorities during the recovery in the post- war period is to find new, alternative sources of financing, in particular, using the advantages of public and private partnership (PPP).

The article is devoted to the first stage of the development of reconstruction project of a historic residential building development – study of the initial data (inventory plans and technical condition of the building), as well as regulatory requirements for the reconstruction of such buildings.

The article is devoted to the current problems of housing reconstruction in Ukraine, as well as ways to solve them. The article highlights domestic and foreign experiences in the redevelopment of existing apartments and reconstruction of historical buildings with or without superstructure of attics or additional floors.

The central part of Lviv was formed over several centuries and in several stages. Favourable demographic, economic and political prerequisites in the XIX-XX centuries positively influenced the quantitative and qualitative state of urban homes. Demolition of defensive walls, the formation of a new citywide centre, measures to improve the central part of the city, regulate the street network, and increase the population are the main factors that underlie the planning and development of the city. The city was actively built up. Most of the houses were profitable.

The article highlights the methodological aspects of the architect's work in the historical environment, reveals current trends and processes of transformation of the architectural and urban planning structure of historical cities. The main approaches to their reproduction and transformation are considered and analyzed. The concept of the central part of the historical city and the method of localization of its borders are revealed. The main requirements for the reproduction and development of buildings in the central part of historical cities are highlighted.