In this article I try to analyze the philosophical and legal sources of the concept of citizenship, its essence and legal nature. Specifically, I want to emphasize the ancient chronologic political and historical phase of its evolution, when the concept of citizenship was founded with the precise philosophical and legal interpretation and legislative adoption, which
remains duly till now.
On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific papers highlighted the problem of deviations in the legal system of social and cultural change. It was found that the phenomenon of deviance ambivalent nature and can mean both negative and positive social change. In the scientific literature rejection divided into primary and secondary. Those terms that society is negligible, considered primary, and subjects who commits them, do not qualify as devianta because they do not violate social norms.
The article outlines the main areas of research deviance as a social phenomenon in philosophical and legal context. Tracked the evolution of human behavior in the philosophical and legal discourse. Investigated that deviant behavior from the time of the emergence of a society always represented a danger to social stability, endanger the lives of people, societies, was considered undesirable, and a society trying to prevent and, if possible, block unwanted forms of human life.
Discusses the problems of war and peace in German classical philosophy, prominent representatives of which were I. Kant, G. Hegel, I. Fichte. These and other thinkers in their theoretical writings not only analyze philosophical problems of society, but paid considerable attention, politics, law, morality, and the nature of social effects of the war. They offered interesting ideas of peaceful coexistence of mankind. Philosophical, political, legal, social concepts of prominent German thinkers have not lost their social values and they are extremely important.
History today is followed the idea of the welfare state and highlighted the practice of institutionalization and functioning. The specific features of its accumulation and redistribution of national resources are studied. The experience of implementation patronage role of the stat are carefully considered. Mixed economic, political, ethical, psychological and other consequences of its implementation in daily life are explained. The state is subject to a civil society and endowed with supreme authority. It acts as the system of social categories.
In the article the social value of law as the determining feature of the legal and social reality. The right is seen not only as a compulsory code of conduct in society, and as a full element of social reality that affects all of the structural system of social processes. In particular, the fundamental methodological problems studied law epistemological limits and possibilities of knowledge of law, the right relationship with the professional culture of lawyer, legal philosophical understanding of reality, unity of values and truth in the law.
The article analyses religion of a modern person, considering the role of the Internet and virtual reality in the information society. Modern society is an open information society in which the main role in economic, political and cultural development is information. There can be distinguished the following features of Information Society: fast growing of electronic information resources, free dissemination of information and free access to it.
The article attempts to analyze the perception of American identity and its international importance through ethnic, religious, political, legal, and economic components. It is determined that ethnically modern America is formed by assimilation of the indigenous population and immigrants from Europe, Asia, Africa, etc. as they contributed to the formation of many political, social, constitutional and religious institutions of the new country, the definition of American identity and values.
In current article, authors reveal the concept of the middle class and its role in the implementation and development of crowdfunding. The article aims to prove that the middle class is the social basis for the development of crowdfunding. The challenge lies in the definition of "middle class" and its elements and analysis of social society structure.