трудова міграція

The article examines Ukrainian migration as a structural factor in Poland's economic development during the period 2014–2024. The study identifies key trends in labor and investment migration and analyzes their relationship with major macroeconomic indicators reflecting economic growth, employment dynamics, and fiscal performance. Particular attention is paid to the channels through which Ukrainian labor and capital participation influence productivity, value creation, and labor market stability in the host economy.

The fact of widespread labor migration is proved not only among the population of Ukraine, but also among the world community as a whole. The main reasons for the movement of the working-age population in the context of globalisation processes are identified. The main aspects of the need for a unified model of compliance of national legislation with international standards are identified. It is proved that the unanimity of legal regulation of the labor migration process would help to eliminate contradictions between the provisions of legal systems of different states.

The article analyzes the main indicators that characterize the population of Ukraine, in particu- lar unemployment, mobility by region, birth rate and mortality, in particular, the forecast of the popu- lation of Ukraine and in terms of two categories such as ages 0–14 years and 65 years and older.

The concept of the legal status of migrant workers is studied. It is noted that the legal status of migrant workers and the guarantee of their personal rights are enshrined in law. It is stated that the protection of the rights of Ukrainian citizens working abroad implies an important obligation for the state to create legal, socio-economic and spiritual conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms, under which it is possible to protect the rights of individuals and international human rights organizations.

The article deals with the conceptions of the international migration, focusing on the most relevant strategies in terms of migrant workers adaptation. The authors analyse the following conceptions: the “Pull/Push” theory, Adaptation (acculturation) Strategy, Relative Inequality Theory of Migration, the Human Capital Theory. Legal framework of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of labor migration regulation, including set of legal acts, adopted by both countries in order to minimize possible negative outcomes caused by evolving migration flows have been analyzed.

In the article, the authors analyze the impact of the COVID-19 world pandemic on the employment of Ukrainian migrant workers in Poland. It is noted that the economic situation and the war in the east of Ukraine led to continuous process of labor migration from Ukraine to Poland. The author analyzes basic documents of the migration policy of Ukraine as well as Polish legislation in the field of employment of foreign citizens. It was found that the introduction of quarantine restrictions resulted in mass return of Ukrainian workers from Poland.

The problem of labor migration in the conditions of globalization is investigated. The labor migration plays a crucial role in today’s world population migration process. It is noted that the processes of globalization in their content are cultural, social, economic, political “challenges” for Ukraine. The globalization has both a positive and a negative impact on the development of Ukrainian society and the state.

The problems of the treatment of labour migrants as subjects of civil diplomacy of Ukraine and their role in the establishment of the country image and the development of effective and mutually beneficial foreign relations of Ukraine and Italy have been analyzed. It has been emphasized on the social activity of labour migrants from Ukraine in protecting their rights and freedoms in Italy, as well as promoting the image of Ukraine, countering informational propaganda against our state.