The article is devoted to ways of solving the problem of prevention of criminal offenses in Ukraine regarding individual participants in criminal proceedings, in particular, witnesses and victims in the context of ensuring their safety in criminal proceedings. Based on the study of foreign experience in solving this problem in criminal proceedings, it was established that the key features of the procedural status of witnesses and victims, which distinguish them from other participants in criminal proceedings, in particular, the suspect, the accused, are the presence, respectively, of a statutory duty or right to provide independent impartial testimony on the merits of criminal proceedings, as well as the obligation to provide truthful testimony. However, such statutory obligations of the specified participants in criminal proceedings must be confirmed by appropriate guarantees of their safety from the legislator.
Their essence as subjects of the criminal process, who are carriers of evidentiary information, emerges from a theoretical study of the scientific positions of individual scientists regarding the purpose and grounds of protection and ensuring their safety, as well as an analysis of the norms of criminal and criminal procedural legislation in force in Ukraine, which are designed to implement ways prevention of the possibility of committing criminal offenses against the witness and the victim in the context of ensuring their protection and safety in criminal proceedings. An analysis of the positive for Ukraine experience of some foreign states in building a system of protection and ensuring the safety of the mentioned participants in the process in order to prevent criminal offenses against them is also presented.
The use of international experience is invaluable for the urgent need to improve the institution of prevention of criminal offenses against participants in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. After all, today in Ukraine there is an urgent need to develop an effective system of protection and protection of analyzed participants in criminal proceedings, given the lack of a mechanism for implementing the relevant legislation.
1.Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy[Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine]. URL: http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/ cgi.
2.Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy. [Criminal Code of Ukraine]. URL: http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua
3.Zakon Ukrainy «Pro zabezpechennia bezpeky osib, yaki berut uchast u kryminalnomu sudochynstvi».[ Law of Ukraine "On ensuring the safety of persons participating in criminal proceedings"] URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3782-12#Text
4. Makbraid Dzh. (2010).Yevropeiska konventsiia z prav liudyny ta kryminalnyi protses [The European Convention on Human Rights and Criminal Procedure] / Dzh. Makbraid ; per. D. Shkroba. K. : K.I.S., 576 p.; Konventsiia pro zakhyst prav liudyny i osnovopolozhnykh svobod vid 04.11.1950 // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy. № 32. P. 270.
5. Boiarov V.I. (1990). Pro deiaki problemy zakhystu okremykh uchasnykiv kryminalnoho sudochynstva [About some problems of the protection of individual participants in criminal proceedings] / V.I. Boiarov, O.V. Rokhnenko // Visnyk Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy. № 5. P. 35–37.
6. Huzela M.V. (2005)..Pro sutnist bezpeky ta yii zabezpechennia stosovno subiektiv kryminalnoho sudochynstva[On the essence of security and its provision in relation to subjects of criminal justice]// Visnyk Lvivskoho Universytetu im.I.Franka (seriia yurydychna).Vyp 41. Lviv, P.344-350;
7. Dusheiko H.O.(2004) Problemy pravovoho zabezpechennia bezpeky osib, yaki berut uchast u kryminalnomu sudochynstvi [Problems of legal security of persons participating in criminal proceedings] / H.O. Dusheiko // Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu. – Zaporizhzhia, № 2. P. 209–218.
8. Veselskyi V.K. (1990). Pytannia zakhystu osib, yaki maiut informatsiiu pro zlochynnu diialnist [The issue of protection of persons who have information about criminal activity] / V.K. Veselskyi // Pravo Ukrainy.P. 58–61.
9. Good practices for the protection of witnesses in criminal proceedings involving organized crime / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. – New York : UNITED NATIONS, 2008. – 112 p. 9. Federal Rules of Evidence, as amended to December 1, 2015 .URL: https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre.
10. Barannik R.V. (2002) Pravo osoby na svobodu vid samovykryttia, vykryttia chleniv yii simi chy blyzkykh rodychiv u kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy: dys. … kand. yuryd. Nauk [A person's right to freedom from self-incrimination, exposure of his family members or close relatives in the criminal process of Ukraine: diss. ... candidate law of Science] / R.V. Barannik. – Zaporizhzhia, 235p.
11. Belkova O.V. P (2005) ravovyi status svidka u kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy: dys. … kand.. yuryd. Nauk[Legal status of a witness in the criminal process of Ukraine: thesis. ... candidate of law. of Science] / O.V. Belkova. – Kh., 215p.
12. Maryniv V.I. (1998) Pryntsyp nedotorkanosti osoby ta yoho normatyvnyi zmist // Materialy naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii “Teoretychni ta praktychni pytannia realizatsii Konstytutsii Ukrainy: Problemy, dosvid, perspektyvy”. 25 chervnia 1997r., Kyiv [The principle of inviolability of the person and its normative content // Materials of the scientific and practical conference "Theoretical and practical issues of the implementation of the Constitution of Ukraine: Problems, experience, prospects".] / Uporiadnyk Yu.M. Hroshevyi. – Kharkiv: Pravo, 21ps.
13. Bastrыkyn A.Y.(1986) Vzaymodeistvye sovetskoho uholovno-protsessualnoho y mezhdunarodnoho prava[Interaction of Soviet criminal procedure and international law] / A.Y. Bastrыkyn. – L.: Yzdatelstvo Lenynhradskoho un-ta, 36p.
14. Ortynskyi V. (2020) Zakhyst svidka u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: dosvid okremykh derzhav ta mozhlyvosti yoho realizatsii v Ukraini// Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika». Seriia: Yurydychni nauky. Vyp.7, №4(28), P.1-8
15. Ortynskyi V., Huzela M. (2022) Problema profilaktyky kryminalnykh pravoporushen shchodo svidka yak uchasnyka kryminalnoho protsesu: dosvid okremykh derzhav ta yoho vprovadzhennia v Ukraini []// Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika». Seriia: Yurydychni nauky. Vyp.9, №3(35), 2022. P.1-8.
16. Huzela M. V., Guseva O. Y., Popovych M. V., Hryndey L. M., Melnyk O. V. (2021) Features of interrogation of minor victims in the pre-trial investigation // Cuestiones Políticas.– Vol. 39, № 70. – P. 485–503. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.29
17. Huzela M., Shulhan I., Shekhavtsov R., Khytra A., Kukos M. (2022)/ Security of the rarticipants in the criminal process: procedural and criminological aspects //Cuestiones Políticas. – Vol. 40. P. 29-48. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.01