wastewater treatment

This article discusses the issue of sludge water treatment generated in the production of ceramic sanitary ware. Experimental studies were conducted on the effectiveness of physical and chemical treatment methods, in particular the use of coagulants (aluminium sulphate) and flocculants of various types (anionic, non-ionic, cationic). The optimal parameters for water treatment have been determined, which allow for the maximum removal of suspended particles and minimise the formation of sediment.

The methods of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions and dyes are analyzed, and the key advantages of powdered magnetically sensitive carbon nanocomposites as adsorbents are shown. Methods for selecting and preparing raw materials and activators for the synthesis of such nanocomposites are considered, and methods for synthesizing nanocomposites are analyzed. The properties, modeling of adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and efficiency of magnetic carbon nanocomposites for wastewater treatment from dyes and heavy metals are described.

Wastewater contaminated with hexamethylenediamine (HMD), which is discharged into natural reservoirs, causes damage and loss of hydrobionts, worsens the quality of water which becomes unsuitable for use. For wastewater treatment from HMD, the possibility of applying bacterial cultures-destructors which use the HMD as a nutrition source is considered.

This article presents the results of experimental studies on the use of Chlorella microalgae for wastewater treatment from the most common mineral pollutants. The influence of the mineral pollutants, namely anions HSO3- , NO3 - , H2PO4 - on the dynamics of wastewater treatment has been established. Analytical dependences of microalgae biomass growth rate depending on pollutant concentration HSO3- , NO3 - , H2PO4 -   and   are obtained. The values of biomass growth coefficients at the corresponding pollutant concentrations are determined.

Wastewater from human settlements contains a significant amount of organic and biogenic substances. Insufficiently treated wastewater enters surface water and leads to their eutrophication. The usage of microalgae in wastewater treatment has significant advantages in comparison with other methods of removing biogenic substances. Namely: effective and simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus without reagents management facilities, oxygen formation. Using microalgae in wastewater treatment is a new environmentally friendly biotechnological method.

In significant volumes of hazardous industrial discharges, inefficiencies and long-term measurements, in terms of environmental safety, are unacceptable – especially in the context of the potential impact of emergency situations. At the same time, modern means of automatic water measurement are of low accuracy and speed. They allow set quantitative indicators only, including  the  temperature,  pH,  flow  rate,  pressure,  concentration of  suspended  particles,  turbidity  and  total  salt  content,  and  a number of other parameters.

The issue of drinking water is one of the most important nowadays for most countries, especially for densely populated and developing countries. The main reasons for such situation are population growth; drought; extraction of minerals, in particular oil; the widespread use of chemicals in the farm, etc., which are today that critical "pressure" on nature that prevents it from fully performing water purification from contamination.

The integral components of wastewaters from chemical and petrochemical enterprises are monocyclic aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, phenol and their derivatives). The toxic effect of these compounds turns out in violations of the activity of the human endocrine and central nervous system, the change in the species and trophic structure of biocenoses.

A short overview of the formation methods of the biofilm with high exoelectrogens activity, which includes alternate partial and complete changes of culture medium, was done in the article. The influence of adaptation processes on electric current generation during the exoelectrogens biofilm formation was analyzed. The article also describes the reasons of sharp current variation, which appeared after nutrient medium changes