IR spectroscopy

A bisphenol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized using the polycondensation method of bisphenol A with formaldehyde. Road bitumen has been modified with this resin. The possibility of its use as a road petroleum bitumen modifier has been established for different contents of the synthesized resin. It has been established that the introduction of synthesized bisphenol-formaldehyde resin into the composition of bitumen significantly increases its heat resistance. The synthesized resin and modified bitumens were characterized using IR spectroscopy.

The initiating properties of urea-formaldehyde oligomers with peroxide groups have been studied. For comparison, the initiating activity has been examined for the polymerization of styrene by the peroxide oligomer based on the epoxy oligomer Epidian-5 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The cross-linking properties of the urea-formaldehyde oligomers with peroxide groups have been investigated using unsaturated oligoesters as a model. The chemistry of the formation of the substances with a cross-linked structure has been studied using IR spectroscopy.

A low-temperature pyrolysis, the target product of which is pyrocondensate, is one of the options for the recycling usedtires. The fractional composition and properties of pyrocondensate of rubber waste pyrolysis obtained at an industrial plant have been studied. The pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline, diesel fraction and residue. The composition and properties of obtained productswere determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis and IR spectroscopic studies.

The chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde as 37% aqueous solutionhas been studied in the presence of the catalysts. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and acid tar were used as the catalysts. The effect of the catalyst nature and amount, as well as temperature, process time and initial components ratio on the softening point, penetration, brittle point and adhesion to crushed stone has been determined. The structure of the modified tars was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The structural-group composition was determined.

The changes in operational and physico-chemical properties of original and used semi-synthetic motor oil Castrol 10W-40 before and after its use in a diesel engine have been investigated. Derivatographic studies were carried out to examine a thermal stability; IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of oil aging products. The composition of the inorganic part of the studied semi-synthetic oils was established by X-ray fluorescence analysis.

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected.

The scheme of the integrated regeneration method for used mineral motor oils (UMMO) has been developed, according to which M-10DM and NORMAL 15W40 used oils were regenerated. A study on changes in physico-chemical properties, qualitative and elemental composition was carried out, and a mathematical model of the process was built. The further applications of the obtained products were proposed. Based on the obtained results, the technological scheme and flow chart of UMMO integrated regeneration were developed, and the process material balance was calculated.

Biogenic surfactants (rhamnolipid biocomplex, dirhamnolipid and exopolysaccharide) and polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer which are the new biosynthesis products of Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain have been obtained. The thermal transformation of these products has been studied in the air in the temperature range of 293–1273 K. Thermolysis and IR spectroscopy revealed a formation of rhamnolipid biocomplex between rhamnolipids and exopolysaccharide upon acidification of the culture fluid supernatant to pH = 3. Cellular polymer – polyhydroxyalkanoate – was identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy.