Theoretical analysis of aerodynamic conditions in a plasma chemical reactor with tangential gas supply is carried out. It is shown that due to the creation of a swirling flow in the reactor there is a pressure gradient, due to this along the vertical axis there is a vacuum zone, which contributes to the occurrence of plasma discharge.
The review and analysis of oxidation processes necessary for quality improvement of oil fractions boiling to 623 K have been carried out. Different oxidative technologies for crude oil processing have been examined. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown.
The effect of temperature and water:raw material ratio on the oxidative desulphurization of straight-run diesel fraction 553–623 K has been examined. The optimum values of temperature and diesel fuel:water ratio for the fuel containing 0.87 wt % of sulphuric compounds have been determined.
The article deals with desulphurization of straight-run diesel fractions by selective oxidation of sulphuric compounds with their further separation. The possibility of commercial diesel fuels production with sulphur content up to 0.2 mas % from straight-run fractions with sulphur content of 0.25–0.67 mas % has been shown.
The process of high-sulphuric brown coal oxidative desulphurization has been studied. The effect of grain size and oxidant linear rate on the process parameters has been determined. During the process the main part of pyritic sulphur is converted into hydrogen sulphide resulting in forming the gases with H2S high content which may be utilized or processed by the known methods
The conditions providing proceeding of the reactions between pyrite sulphur of medium-metamorphized coal and air-steam mixture in the kinetic area have been found. Experimental-statistical mathematical model has been designed. The optimal factors of medium-coalificated coal oxidative desulphurization have been determined on its basis. Under optimal conditions two samples of coking coal have been desulphurized. These samples will be used as components of the coal charge in the production of special types of coke.
An experimental statistic model of power-generating coal oxidative desulphurization has been developed and its adequacy has been proved. On the basis of the proposed model the desulphurization optimal conditions for three samples of power-generating coal were determined. The low-sulphur solid fuel with the content of general sulphur of 1.0–1.5 mas % was obtained under established optimal conditions.
The effect of pyrite size and distribution character, as well as the amount of inorganic matter on the removal degree of sulphur from coal during its oxidative desulphurization and benefication has been studied. The efficiencies of oxidative desulphurization processes for different types of the initial and concentrated black coal have been compared.
The fractions of diesel oil have been desulphurized via air oxidation without the catalysts in the presence of water. The products of sulphuric compounds oxidation were extracted by adsorption or joint adsorption and rectification. The samples of desulphurized diesel oil have been analyzed in accordance with reference documents after their treatment by alkali.
The desulphurization process of different coal types has been studied. The coal was treated by air-steam mixture in the fluidized-bed reactor under the conditions similar to isothermal ones. The influence of temperature and oxidant composition affecting the pyrite (which is the coal component) chemical conversion on the desulphurization efficiency has been investigated for coals with different metamorphism degree.