energy efficiency

Preserving historical heritage is one of the most difficult challenges of our time. The issue of integrating the latest technologies to achieve energy balance lies at the intersection of architecture, building physics, and cultural heritage. Every year, the problem of finding a balance between authenticity and thermal modernization becomes more acute, shaping a field of scientific research in which there is an increasing search for interdisciplinary approaches.

This study presents an in-depth analytical investigation into the operational efficiency of boiler plants in industrial enterprises, incorporating the principles of building thermophysics as a fundamental component influencing energy performance. The research focuses on the interaction between the thermophysical properties of building enclosures, architectural design parameters, and the thermal regimes of boiler equipment.

Automotive transport plays a crucial role in the functioning and development of any country's economy. In Ukraine, it accounts for over half of passenger transportation and three-quarters of freight transportation. A promising development direction is using electric and hybrid vehicles in transportation logistics. It also fosters advancements in battery production technologies, components of hybrid power units, recycling, and the country's transportation infrastructure.

The process of intensive industrialisation in the West, and later in many other countries around the world, has led to a number of economic and environmental challenges. According to rough estimates, at the current rate of growth of the world's population, basic energy resources will become increasingly scarce. The main amount of these energy resources is used for heat and power supply to buildings and structures of various purposes, depending on their use. Residential buildings are among the first in the list of such structures.

The article investigates the European experience of state policy regarding energy efficiency in the residential construction sector and analyzes the primary EU regulations that govern this area. Particular attention is given to the evolution of energy efficiency policy from the late 20th century to the present, with an emphasis on the main challenges and outcomes of implementing the respective directives. The article explores financial and macroeconomic approaches to assessing energy efficiency, as well as the mechanisms of administrative and economic regulation.

The paper presents the history of the formation of historical residential buildings in Ukraine and analyzes the reasons for the dense development of historical neighborhoods.

The paper presents the results of analysing the activities of a machine-building enterprise, taking into account the influence of factors of the political and socio-economic crisis. Based on the results of the PEST- and SWOT-analysis, the most promising directions of sustainable development of an engineering enterprise are identified, namely, implementation of energy-efficient solutions, use of circular economy principles, application of environmentally friendly technologies, digitalisation, and personnel training.

The paper investigates the dynamics of air flows in the cabin of a low-entry city bus to improve passenger comfort and energy efficiency. The modeling was performed by CFD analysis in Ansys Fluent using the Mercedes-Benz Citaro Hybrid cabin model. Under winter conditions (flow inlet temperature - 27°C, bus body walls - 0°C), the maximum flow velocity reached 3.69 m/s in the doorway area, while insufficient ventilation was found in the front and rear parts of the cabin (velocity <0.8 m/s).