law

The article deals with some historical periods of creation, development and formation of
a human rights institute. The basic ideas of the most outstanding philosophers of this period
are investigated. From the time of Ancient Greece, the concept of human rights, which is
reflected in the philosophical thought of philosophers of this period, began to emerge. The
perception of the place of the person in state and social life has changed. Philosophers such as
Heraclitus, Plato, and Aristotle laid the cornerstones in creating this phenomenon in antiquity.

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of decriminalization as a method of criminal-legal policy. Summarizing that decriminalization, as a process of official recognition of the fact of the loss of a certain act of social danger and the exclusion of a norm that previously established the criminal responsibility for the said act from the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is one of the most effective methods of criminal-law policy.

The article deals with the correlation of the concepts of “right” and “justice”. The peculiarities of their application are investigated. A literary analysis of these concepts is carried out on the subject: identities; identification of differences, the establishment of regularities during their use in legal proceedings and the legal weight of each of them.

The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal legal protection of religious freedoms of
citizens in foreign countries. Analyzing the content of the criminal law of many countries in the
world, related to the protection of religious freedoms of citizens, concluded that most of them
provide for such rules.At the same time, some of the existing Criminal Code do not criminalize
acts in this area. Such, for example, is the Criminal Code of France, the Criminal Code of

The article is devoted to analysis of depenalization as a method of criminal-law policy. It
is concluded that the lack of a common understanding of the concept and essence of
depenalization does not allow the full implementation of this method of criminal-law in
practice. At the same time, he could act as one effective instrument for reforming domestic
criminal law in the context of the declared humanization of criminal responsibility and
punishment. It would seem that in this way it would be possible to significantly reduce the

Methodological situation in the modern jurisprudence, the main peculiarity of which
there is transition from monistic methodology to philosophical and methodological pluralism,
is described in the article.

Analyzed scientific views of the great German philosopher Hegel’s dialectic relationship
and on relations between the state and the Christian religion. In his work «Philosophy of Law»
German philosopher deeply and comprehensively reveals the role and place of state not only in
the development and functioning of society, but also the Christian religion as an important
institution in the formation of spirituality and high morality in society.

The research is devoted to the consideration of problematic issues of the introduction of a bicameral parliament in Ukraine. It is proposed to form the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine from two chambers: the lower one – the House of Representatives and the upper – the Chamber of Regions, so that the lower chamber consisted of 189 deputies, and the upper chamber – 27 deputies. In total, the parliament would have 216 deputies.

In this article I try to analyze the philosophical and legal sources of the concept of citizenship, its essence and legal nature. Specifically, I want to emphasize the ancient chronologic political and historical phase of its evolution, when the concept of citizenship was founded with the precise philosophical and legal interpretation and legislative adoption, which
remains duly till now.