Lviv

The gunpowder tower was an integral part of the third defensive line, which was
laid around the center of Lviv, starting in 1522. The active phase of construction of the third line
occurs after 1527 (after the great fire of Lviv) and lasts until the end of 1540. Construction took
place over a twenty-year period when the city was exempt from paying taxes to the state royal
treasury and could spend money for the modernization of fortifications.
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In the article we prove that the date of its construction of the Powder Tower should be

The article is devoted to the historical features of the formation of Vicheva Square in Lviv and its current state. The work focuses on the historical background of the square planning, its development during Soviet times and degradation as space nowadays. The main tasks are architectural approaches and ways of the renovation of the area.

The architectural activity of Serhiy Tymoshenko during the interwar period is considered in the article. Based on revealed archive sources the typology of buildings, designed by him, is defined, the authorship of separate dwelling houses and religious buildings is ascertained, the peculiarities of the creative approach to their design are analyzed.

The article covers political, historical, legal, constitutional issues of state-church relations, the importance of spiritual values as an object of constitutional-legal relations, the formation and implementation of legislation on freedom of religion in Lviv. The importance of holding the All-Ukrainian Orthodox Council in Kyiv on December 15, 2018 is underlined. The decision of the Council became the legal basis for the creation of an autocephalous local Orthodox Church.

An analysis of the reconstruction and restructuring of the tram stops formed in the second half of the twentieth century in Lviv in the context of the inter-highway territories planning change on the example of the central part of the city. The urban planning approaches to the reconstruction of the inter-highway territories and the square in front of the main railway station of the city are shown.

The article considers the issue of charismatic sacral architecture in Lviv within 1990 - 2000 years. It has been outlined a period, during which traditionalist or denominational stereotypes did not affect a process of sacral buildings design. Within this some unique structures has occurred, as a result of individual search of charismatic image of a sacral space. The active phase of this period lasted through the 1990s and 2000s.

The object of study is the historic building complex on the street. M. Copernicus - M. Kolessa in Lviv. The study aims to reveal the stages of urban development, identification of valuable objects, and the formation of recommendations for the preservation and hereditary architectural transformations of the complex. The research methodology is based on the analysis of cartographic materials and historical sources in combination with field investigation. The results of the study indicate that the complex developed in three stages. The oldest buildings were erected in the late 18th century.

Central market squares are a characteristic feature of many cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Historically, it was formed in such a way that the presence of a market square was a sign of the urban status of a territory. They were laid as perfect geometric forms of the spatial centers of life of citizens, and due to the central location, economic and cultural value, were the core of the city, from which the street network was expanded.

У статті йдеться про воркшоп як інструмент впливу на функціонування громадського простору в міському середовищі. Визначено його функції, засоби та результати, до яких він приводить. Розглянуто приклад воркшопу з ревіталізації площі Митної у Львові.