restoration

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the use and condition of decorative elements made of Roman cement in the architecture of Lviv from 1850 to 1914. The historical prerequisites for the widespread use of this material are examined. A review of key publications and studies is presented, highlighting the chemical and technological characteristics of Roman cement, problems in the synthesis of restoration binders, and techniques for removing molds from architectural ornamentation.

The article synthesises the results of damage assessment, research, conservation and restoration interventions undertaken at listed sites damaged by Russian missile attacks in 2023-2025 in Lviv. In particular, the analysis draws on the restoration of the multi-apartment residential buildings at 62-68 Stryiska Street (missile strike of 6 July 2023), the multi-apartment residential buildings at 44 Konovaltsia Street and at 7 Melnyka Street (former urban villa, strike of 4 September 2024).

The restoration of Ukraine's port infrastructure is critically important in the context of overcoming the consequences of Russia's military aggression and ensuring the stable functioning of logistical processes. The article examines the main challenges and potential pathways for the reconstruction of Ukrainian seaports, specifically addressing their technical assessment, modernization, and adaptation to contemporary economic and security realities. The pre-2014 condition of the port infrastructure, as well as the current status of Ukrainian ports, are analyzed.

The publication presents the results of a critical analysis of the current state of research, preservation, restoration, and reconstruction of historic buildings in Cherkasy.

The subject of the study is the preservation and use of defensive towers of the Old City of Kamianets-Podilskyi. Most of the defense towers are on the balance sheet of the National Historical and Architectural Preserve «Kamyanets» and are included in the tourist infrastructure of the city. The location of some of them in hard-to-reach places makes it difficult for tourists to see and visit, which requires finding new approaches to their revalorization.

The article examines the stages of formation of the organizational structure and legislative foundations of monument protection activities in Eastern Galicia during the Austro-Hungarian period against the background of national processes. It is shown that the formation of the organizational structure in Eastern Galicia took place synchronously with the processes in Vienna and was controlled from the center. However, the peculiarity was that at the end of the 19th century.

For the architecture of Lviv II half 19 - the beginning of the 20th century characteristic use of roman cement as a decorative material. Thanks to this, a significant amount of sculptural decor in Lviv during this period was made using roman cement. According to various classifications, architectural decor is architectural, monumental or decorative- monumental sculpture, which in turn is divided into relief and three-dimensional sculpture. Depending on the type of sculpture, the methods of its manufacture, mounting and placement on the facade differ.

The design and construction of the Citadel fortification complex in Lviv took place after the revolutionary events of 1848. The creation of the citadel was one of the tasks of the order of the Austrian authorities to build fortifications for garrisons and barracks in large cities. The need to build new defense complexes was also associated with a change in the strategy and tactics of warfare. The plan of the Austrian General Staff under the letter "R" was caused by the threats looming from the neighbor from the north - Rossia.

The article delves into the complexities of evaluating the economic aspects of maintaining and re- storing aviation equipment, highlighting the challenges associated with assessing the quality of these pro- cesses. It critically examines the use of both singular and multiple performance metrics, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation system that considers various industry-specific factors.