Англо-американська та кримінологічна модель як теоретична основа англо-американської системи запобігання злочинності

In recent decades, the political, economic, social and cultural landscape against which the processes of determining and counteracting crime unfold has undergone significant changes. Globa­lization, migration, changing balance of power in the foreign policy arena, economic crises, political instability have had and continue to have a significant impact on the state of crime in the world, and also necessitate the development of new approaches to criminal policy. On the one hand, these processes affect transnational crime: criminal risks are increasingly global in nature (terrorism, environmental crime, cybercrime), serious criminal organizations are no longer localized in one state but are united in networked communities that have no borders. On the other hand, the structure and dynamics of more traditional “street” criminal offenses are changing.

In this regard, comparative criminological research is becoming increasingly important, allowing to study and learn lessons from both the positive experience of combating crime in different countries and not to repeat the mistakes made in the implementation of criminal policy, which led to negative trends in the development of crime, human rights violations, and a decrease in the level of security of citizens. First and foremost, comparative criminology aims to describe and explain various phenomena related to the determination of criminal behavior and the practice of responding to crime in different countries, but it is not limited to this. Comparative criminological research allows us to trace the significance of political, economic, and social processes – both local and global – on the development of criminal policy. This will make it possible to assess which practical solutions can be effectively applied within a completely different socio-political context and which approaches should be avoided. Comparative analysis can contribute to the development of more effective criminal policy reform programs that take into account the mistakes made in other countries from the very beginning, and avoid blind copying of those ideas that have no chance of taking root in the domestic context.