Historical parallels in the formation of architecture of railway stations in Halychyna and Tyrol

The aim of the given article is to trace the origins of common forms of space and plasticity in railway station buildings in Halychyna (Galicia) and Tyrol and reveal their most important features and trends in their formation.

The so-called «rustic straw roof» architectural type of railway station of the times of the Danube monarchy was common at the turn of the 19th —20th cc. in Halychyna and Tyrol. It was a typically «old Austrian» type and it reflects the ideas of folk romanticism. In Austria and in southern Tyrol in Italy these railway stations acquired a new life thanks to

their spatial renovation, restoration and technical equipment.

The architecture of railway stations of authoritarian regimes left its imprint in the inter-war period in southern Tyrol (Bozen or Bolzano) and in the post-war period in Halychyna in Ukraine (namely, Drohobych, Mostyska-2, Stryi, Ternopil). This architecture is characterised by a heroic, pathetic image with different artistic solutions. There are noticeably more examples of such architecture in Halychyna.

Particular examples of architecture of late modernism find their expression in varied treatment of laconic and rationalistic forms in Halychyna (Morshyn, Novoyavorivsk, Pisochna, Truskavets and others) and Tyrol alike (namely, Kufstein, Hall in Tirol, and others). The architecture of the railway-stations of modern Tyrol aims at preservation of the existing buildings from different historical periods with the application of the newest concepts and technologies, as well as the solution of a dynamic spatial pedestrian and inter-transport communication. The dominant features are the simplicity of form, transparancy and clarity of understanding.

The ideological and political factor influences indirectly the form-creating processes in the architecture of railway- station buildings. The belonging to one state, the subordination to different authoritative regimes, the influence of democratic movements and the ideas of humanism have their compositional and artistic expression in the plasticity of facades and sculpture.

The geographically distant, but united in their time in Cisleithania, Halychyna and Tyrol share a great similarity in the architecture of railway stations of the turn of the last century. It should be noted in the other neighbouring Keiser lands this similarity is not so evident. Modern conditions of preservation, adaptation and utilization of railway-stations of Tyrol are a very good example of professional and civic understanding of the value of architectural heritage and its use.