temperature

The article is directed on metrological characteristics increase and extension of the optical thermometry field of use, including two-color compensative thermometry with a priori averaged adjustment. The investigations have been performed for the tungsten. This metal studied in thermometry and metal optics has tabulated quantitative estimations of emissivity which are similar to the most widespread in metallurgy iron-carbon alloys.

In order to increase the capacity and efficiency factor of gas turbines and internal combustion engines while preserving their high reliability, the gas temperature and its distribution need to be measured in combustion chambers. Values of these temperatures can exceed 1800°С in an oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore, designing temperature transducers for measurements in such severe environments, special attention should be paid to the selection of thermometric materials.

A physical and mathematical model for determining the thermostressed state of an electrically conductive cylindrical implant under the action of external unstable electromagnetic fields, in particular the impulse with amplitude modulation, is proposed.  This model allows predicting the maximum allowable values (according to physiological norms) of temperature and stress intensities in the considered implant depending on the parameters of external unstable electromagnetic fields and the time of their action.

A mathematical model for determining the temperature of an electrically conductive plate element under the action of pulsed electromagnetic radiation of the radio-frequency range is proposed.  This model allows us to take into account the influence of the process of thermoelastic energy dissipation on the forecasting of the value of temperature in addition to the joule heat.  This process is determined by thermal expansion and the action of poendromotive forces arising in the element.  This approach allows us to predict a decrease in the error of temperature determination.  On this basis, t

The hard operation conditions of temperature thermotransducers which involve their thermal cycling require special attention to the study of processes occurring in structural elements, in particular in thermometric materials. Operation impacts cause the drift of thermometric characteristics due to the influence of the few factors main of which seem to be the thermo structural stresses.

A mathematical model and the respective structural scheme of the convective heating surfaces of the TPP-210А steam boiler were developed as a system of interconnected heat exchangers. The interconnected convective heating surfaces are regarded as the convective heat transfer system of the boiler.

The main information parameters of the microclimate of greenhouse premises are substantiated, in particular: air temperature, relative humidity, illumination of greenhouse premises, soil temperature, soil humidity, the concentration of carbon dioxide. The cyber-physical system for vegetables’ cultivation with the regulation of temperature-humidity-insolation regime contains three subsystems, namely the subsystem of temperature control, the subsystem of humidity control, and the subsystem of insolation control.

Gas flow temperature is an important parameter of the process, determines the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the original product, the presence of defects, the state of technological equipment, as well as the safety of the process. Therefore, its measurement must be carried out continuously, with high accuracy, low inertia and high reliability, since the information signal about the value of temperature is used in information-measuring systems and automatic control and regulation systems.

At present, the problem of energy efficiency remains extremely important. Modern building technologies allow you to create houses with the minimum power consumption, using energy efficient external protections, including plastic windows. This leads to a reduction in the heat loss of the room, but there is a danger of reducing the required air exchange.

Investigations of methodical errors of two-color compensative and classical energy and spectral ratio pyrometry are  performed  under  conditions  of  changeable  radiative  characteristics  of metal  alloys. To  quantitatively  estimate  the  radiative characteristics we  proposed  such  parameters  as  an  average  level  of  emissivity  and  selectivity  factor. As  average  (adjustment) values  of  these  parameters  we  chose  the  values,  which  correspond  to  tungsten  in  vacuum  with  temperature  1600  K  (for wavelengths  0.7  and  0.9 µm).