The article deals with defensive structures of only one type – stone castle complexes. The purpose of this study is to compile a list of stone castles that have survived to this day in whole or in ruins on the territory of Western Ukraine, to identify the geography of their distribution, and to highlight the main stages of their emergence.
In a period of extreme political instability and the threat of constant enemy attacks, people looked for a means of security. This basic need became the main factor in the evolution of the stages of existence of historical castle complexes. Later, the threat of internal and external attacks from outsiders and feudal neighbors decreased due to the strengthening of royal power. Such changes in the military and political situation became the main reason for the beginning of the decline of castle complexes.
The historical castle complex in the village Pniv of Ivano-Frankivsk region - an architectural monument of national importance. The castle complex is unique in its planning and spatial structure, which to this day in fragments preserved. However, every year the surviving authentic elements more and more are destroyed. The reason is the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors. The issue of preservation of the Pniv castle complex has been relevant for a long time. Saving such a "diamond of architecture" is important for national identity.
The study reveals the problem of revitalization of immovable cultural heritage in Ukraine, which stems from the absence of state policy to preserve the architectural city-planning heritage supported by the necessary development and financing programs. The role of socialization of cultural heritage in the process of revival of valuable historical complexes that are under threat of destruction is shown, innovative approaches to the revitalization and the first positive results of their implementation are demonstrated.
In the article, the definitions “castle in a state of long-term ruin” and “architectural revitalization” are given. A list of measures aimed at preserving architectural monuments from the standpoint of their application on castles in a state of long-term ruin is considered.
The article considers the historical monks' cemeteries of the Holy Dormition Univ Lavra. The analysis of the preserved tombstones of cemeteries is carried out, their typology and character of plasticity are described. Particular attention is paid to under the slab burials as the most archaic of the preserved tombstones. The damage and loss of the ensemble of the cemetery as a whole and individual monuments are described, the state of preservation of the physical substance of the tombstones is studied.
The historical cemetery near the Church of the Holy Spirit in Rohatyn was investigated. The analysis of damages and losses of the ensemble of the cemetery and its separate monuments is carried out. The material of tombstones has been identified, the state of preservation of their physical substance has been analyzed. Tasks and challenges related to the conservation of the cemetery as a whole and its monuments have been analyzed.
The article analyzes peculiarities of the Ukrainian sacral architectural heritage, its role and importance for1 preservation of national and cultural identity and the growth of international attractiveness. Attention is focused on the sacral monuments of Drohobych as an integral part of the national and world culture. The sacral legacy of Ukraine is characterized by a diversity of forms and is considered as one of the most distinctive in European and world culture.
The current tendency of preserving monuments of immovable cultural heritage has gained negative connotations since the conservation treatment activities executed by state and religious communities that become ‘owners’ of significant sacred objects still lacks the sufficient legislative regulation. The synchronization of multidisciplinary studies of specialists in different areas is extremely important for the comprehensive preservation of an architectural object.
The palaces of the romantic style, built in the Lviv region in the XIX - early twentieth century, included a number of architectural and landscape elements that created a unique and harmonious ensemble. Today, practically there are no objects that completely preserved their original appearance. Architectural and landscape-compositional features of such ensembles remain undervalued and require professional attention. It is important to analyze their current function to determine the prospects for their further use, restoration and rational conservation.