Comparative and legal analysis of crimes against national security in the criminal codes of Ukraine and Poland

The article presents a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of crimes against national security according to the criminal codes of Ukraine and Poland. The authors analyze the common approaches of the legislator of countries to the criminalization of socially dangerous acts in the relevant field, the differences in these approaches. Based on the analysis of the current criminal code of the Republic of Poland, the authors propose a number of new norms for a special part of the Ukrainian criminal law. In particular, the authors propose to supplement Art. 114 (espionage) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine by qualified corpus delicti on the example of Part 2 and Part 3 of Art. 130 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland. The authors consider it expedient to separately criminalize assaults on life and other criminal acts against the President of Ukraine on the example of relevant norms in a special part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland. The authors’ proposals are especially relevant in the context of Russian hybrid aggression and the need for real improvement of criminal law protection of the democratic constitutional order and sovereignty of Ukraine.