human rights

The article deals with some historical periods of creation, development and formation of
a human rights institute. The basic ideas of the most outstanding philosophers of this period
are investigated. From the time of Ancient Greece, the concept of human rights, which is
reflected in the philosophical thought of philosophers of this period, began to emerge. The
perception of the place of the person in state and social life has changed. Philosophers such as
Heraclitus, Plato, and Aristotle laid the cornerstones in creating this phenomenon in antiquity.

On  the  basis  of  the  latest  scientific  research,  the  philosophical  and  legal  concept  of  the 
definition  of  «civil  society»  is  thoroughly  analyzed,  Modern  approaches  to  understanding  the 
concept  are  systematized.  There  searchis  based  on  the  scholarly  views  of  prominent 
philosophers,  as  well  as  the  author’s  own  approach  and  conclusions  about  there  search 
problem.
The  research  is  based  on  the  scientific  views  of  significant  philosophers,  as  well  as  the 

Theoretical understanding and philosophical comprehension of all legal phenomena
began with the traditional division of the right to positive and natural, so they are considered
as certain antipodes in the general consciousness, which, however, are the most practical and
significant types of legal thinking. We managed to trace the fact that it was the intensive
development of humanistic ideas in the context of new political and economic trends that led to
the emergence of the doctrine of “natural human rights”. Increasingly, among the general

The article analyzes the sphere of application for Article 3 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the distinction between the concepts of torture and inhuman treatment has been researched. Attention is drawn to the absolute character of Article 3 of the Convention, regardless of circumstances or situations.

The article deals with the problem of actualization of the cultural memory potential as a social tool in the process of identity construction in the conditions of the Ukrainian society democratic transformation. The main thesis of the article is that the cultural memory has mighty resources in the conditions of a democratic and lawful state, securing forming, preserving, transferring and developing of cultural norms, values, knowledge and meanings, contributing to integration, social consolidation.

The article examines the institution of individual constitutional complaint and offers its application in Ukraine on the basis of experience of other countries where it exists. The analysis of the problems related to the realization of an individual complaint has been carried out. In order to introduce this institution the attention should be paid to the necessity of legislative supplements, changes in the organizational structure as well as in methods of judicial activity of Constitutional Court of Ukraine

The main problems of the legal nature of socio-economic rights are examined. Scientific approaches of their realization in comparison with personal and political rights of the “first generation” are studied. The need for the existence of social and economic rights on the level of constitutional regulation is analyzed

The article deals with the methods of the activity of public communities in Ukraine. The author investigates the system of the methods of the activity of public communities which include: persuasion and coercion as universal methods; supervision; administrativejurisdictional activity; a method of information gathering, etc. The basic features of the human rights method of the activity of public communities are revealed.