Human rights are one of the most important achievements of social development, considered not only as legal constructs but also as a natural phenomenon. They arise from the very essence of human existence and reflect the inherent value of each person regardless of social status, nationality, or beliefs.
The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal justification of the organic laws of society and their significance for the stability of the social organism and the realization of human rights and freedoms. Organic laws are considered fundamental principles that determine the internal integrity of society, ensure harmony between individual autonomy and collective interests, and serve as a criterion for the legitimacy and effectiveness of positive law.
The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal offences against the will, honour and dignity of a person in the context of modern Ukrainian legislation. The author highlights how the legal regulation of these categories has historically transformed, which has a significant impact on the interpretation and application of criminal law in modern conditions.
Meta-anthropological methodology expands the boundaries of the traditional understanding of law, including philosophical, cultural and anthropological aspects, which is important for solving modern problems of international law, such as the protection of human rights, conflicts of cultures, migration, environmental issues and global security issues.
The article clarifies the philosophical and legal features of legal behavior as a factor of human self-affirmation in the postmodern era. Within the limits of philosophical and legal understanding, postmodernism should be considered in two aspects: conceptual-idealistic (as a theoretical concept) and nihilistic (as a modern social reality). According to the natural law theory, any behavior will be lawful if a person, exercising his natural rights, does not violate similar rights of other persons.
Although any war is a "continuation of politics by other means" (Karl von Clausewitz), the article examines the ongoing russian-Ukrainian war from the point of view of existentialist philosophy as a philosophy of human crises. The Russian-Ukrainian war actualizes the forgotten existentialist ideas of choice, situation, freedom, duty, responsibility in the context of individual and collective self-determination.
The article analyzes the essence of the right to freedom and personal inviolability, the mechanisms for ensuring it during criminal proceedings, and also defines the conditions for its lawful restriction.
Human freedom has been evolving over the centuries, so it is quite ambiguous and does not stand still, and is still a topical issue for many scientists. There are many different divisions and definitions of freedom, and each is somewhat interesting and relevant. But freedom is the value of man, which is given to him by God and through which man can act of his own free will, without succumbing to circumstances. The value of rights and freedoms is currently a very relevant topic, as most of our rights and freedoms are limited due to certain material and spiritual values.
The special features of the integrative aspect of ethical standards and human freedom in law are revealed due to the fact that harmony in law is manifested through the principle of coordination of actions between different elements and structural subdivisions forming the social system, which enables to acquire ethical knowledge of ethical principles and standards from ethical codes that are sources of information about public values. Freedom is emphasized as an intrinsic emotional quality of a person.
The article identifies the main approaches to understanding civil society as a philosophical and legal category, which allowed to show pluralism of this definition. The author analyzes the conceptual foundations of civil society in the history of philosophical and legal discourse. It is substantiated that the invariant content of the concept of civil society remained the ideas of freedom, equality, justice, social values and virtues. It is emphasized that modern civil society is a guarantee of democratization and needs proper legal support in the context of globalization challenges.