Abstract. Meta-anthropological methodology expands the boundaries of the traditional understanding of law, including philosophical, cultural and anthropological aspects, which is important for solving modern problems of international law, such as the protection of human rights, conflicts of cultures, migration, environmental issues and global security issues.
The article clarifies the philosophical and legal features of legal behavior as a factor of human self-affirmation in the postmodern era. Within the limits of philosophical and legal understanding, postmodernism should be considered in two aspects: conceptual-idealistic (as a theoretical concept) and nihilistic (as a modern social reality). According to the natural law theory, any behavior will be lawful if a person, exercising his natural rights, does not violate similar rights of other persons.
Although any war is a "continuation of politics by other means" (Karl von Clausewitz), the article examines the ongoing russian-Ukrainian war from the point of view of existentialist philosophy as a philosophy of human crises. The Russian-Ukrainian war actualizes the forgotten existentialist ideas of choice, situation, freedom, duty, responsibility in the context of individual and collective self-determination.
The article analyzes the essence of the right to freedom and personal inviolability, the mechanisms for ensuring it during criminal proceedings, and also defines the conditions for its lawful restriction.
Human freedom has been evolving over the centuries, so it is quite ambiguous and does not stand still, and is still a topical issue for many scientists. There are many different divisions and definitions of freedom, and each is somewhat interesting and relevant. But freedom is the value of man, which is given to him by God and through which man can act of his own free will, without succumbing to circumstances. The value of rights and freedoms is currently a very relevant topic, as most of our rights and freedoms are limited due to certain material and spiritual values.
The special features of the integrative aspect of ethical standards and human freedom in law are revealed due to the fact that harmony in law is manifested through the principle of coordination of actions between different elements and structural subdivisions forming the social system, which enables to acquire ethical knowledge of ethical principles and standards from ethical codes that are sources of information about public values. Freedom is emphasized as an intrinsic emotional quality of a person.
The article identifies the main approaches to understanding civil society as a philosophical and legal category, which allowed to show pluralism of this definition. The author analyzes the conceptual foundations of civil society in the history of philosophical and legal discourse. It is substantiated that the invariant content of the concept of civil society remained the ideas of freedom, equality, justice, social values and virtues. It is emphasized that modern civil society is a guarantee of democratization and needs proper legal support in the context of globalization challenges.
On the basis of the latest scientific research, the philosophical and legal concept of the
definition of «civil society» is thoroughly analyzed, Modern approaches to understanding the
concept are systematized. There searchis based on the scholarly views of prominent
philosophers, as well as the author’s own approach and conclusions about there search
problem.
The research is based on the scientific views of significant philosophers, as well as the
Theoretical understanding and philosophical comprehension of all legal phenomena
began with the traditional division of the right to positive and natural, so they are considered
as certain antipodes in the general consciousness, which, however, are the most practical and
significant types of legal thinking. We managed to trace the fact that it was the intensive
development of humanistic ideas in the context of new political and economic trends that led to
the emergence of the doctrine of “natural human rights”. Increasingly, among the general
In the reviewed monograph refers to a personality as a sensible and intelligent being, of his knowledge and values, of freedom and consciousness, which are manifestations of the aspiration of a personality towards being. The main way of human existence in the world is to be a personality. Today, there is a danger of levelling the personal beginning of human existence, when the science of man is increasingly naturalized, neurolyzed and computerized. Such a levelling leads to post-humanism and post-humanity. It is on one side.