Проведено збагачення глини (Індарунг, Індонезія) йонами Ca2+ і Cu2+. За допомогою аналізів XRF, XRD, FTIR та SAA підтверджено, що процес прожарювання не має значного впливу на покращення характеристик, тому перед використанням глину просто нагрівали до 383 K. Результати ААС показали, що глина легше збагачується Cu2+, ніж йонами Ca2+. Встановлено, що при переестерифікації сирої пальмової олії, проведеної за однакових умов, найвищий вихід метилового естеру досягається при використанні як каталізатора глини, збагаченої Cu2+, порівняно з іншими чотирма каталізаторами (глина, збагачена Ca2+, сира глина, нітрат кальцію та Cu-нітрат).
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