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  4. Біопластик з природних відновлюваних полімерних ресурсів: огляд

Біопластик з природних відновлюваних полімерних ресурсів: огляд

JCCT.
2025;
Випуск 19, Номер 1
: cc. 91 - 107
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht19.01.091
Автори:
  1. Yehor Polunin
  2. Bohdan Domnich
  3. Kristen Patnode Setien
  4. А. Воронов
1
Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University
2
Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University
3
Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University
4
Державний університет Північної Дакоти

Пластмаси на основі нафти міцні, гнучкі, дешеві та широкодоступні, тому мають усе більший попит серед населення Землі, яке постійно зростає. Однак оскільки звичайний пластик (особливо одноразові вироби та матеріали) не є біорозкладним, він після закінчення терміну експлуатації створює постійну загрозу довкіллю, зокрема здоров’ю тварин і людей. За оцінками, щорічно в навколишнє середовище потрапляє близько 20 мільйонів метричних тонн одноразового пластикового сміття. Незважаючи на нещодавні глобальні ініціативи, показники переробки залишаються низькими через нерозвинену інфраструктуру та відсутність глобальної стандартизації. Лише близько 9% пластикових відходів було перероблено в усьому світі, переважно шляхом механічної переробки, і близько 12% спалюється (четвертинна переробка). Близько 79% річного обсягу виробництва пластику на основі нафти, виготовленого як у країнах, що розвиваються, так і в розвинених країнах, потрапляє на звалища та в океани. Будучи виготовленим з різноманітних природних відновлюваних полімерних ресурсів, біопластик як стійка альтернатива має кілька переваг перед своїми аналогами на основі викопної сировини. Зокрема, біопластики сприяють зниженню викидів вуглецю, можуть мати цінні й унікальні термомеханічні і фізичні властивості та продуктивність; вони є універсальними, енергоефективними та, що найважливіше, часто мають властиву біорозкладаність. Цей огляд присвячений біопластикам з окремих біополімерів рослинного походження – целюлози, крохмалю (та їхній похідних) і рослинних білків. Оцінено хімізм, переваги та проблеми, а також деякі шляхи застосування таких полімерних матеріалів.

біопластик
відновлювальні види сировини
раціональність
біодеградабельність
целюлоза
крохмаль
рослинні білки
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