реконструкція

By using the examples of large – scale inspections of iron – concrete bridges the defects and damaqes of elements, the degradation of structural materials are shown. The examples of structure imperfection, tipical defects, operation drawbacks are illustrated. Construction defects are the most numerous and can significantly affect the operational reliability and durability of the surveyed bridges. Basically it is: departure from the project, use of substandard materials and violation of production technology; their share accounts for 55 % of the surveyed bridges.

On the network of state and local roads, a significant number of bridges with precast or monolithic span structures of small and medium spans are constructed according to TP-56. At present time, their normalized period of exploitation of 25–30 years is exceeded in 2–2.5 times and they continue to be exploited with unsatisfactory exploitative and technical and economic parameters. Therefore, for further normal exploitation, they need to be reconstructed with the restoration of normalized exploitative parameters.

The small and medium span bridges constructed in the 50-60s of the last century with span structures of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams according to the typical project of 1956 year currently do not meet modern exploitative requirements and require reconstruction with bringing of their technical characteristics in accordance to the requirements of the current design norms for new bridges.

The possibilities of integrating the solar power elements into formed environment of historic cities are considered in the article. Using the example of a historic city area of Chernivtsi it has been realized a multi-level dynamic monitoring of the buildings and presented the results of preliminary calculations of an energy efficiency of a roof photoelectric elements installation.

Тechnique and results of static tests of reinforced concrete without-diaphragm span structure before and after reconstruction are described.

Examples of reconstruction of small concrete bridges with extension dimension by monolithic slab and strengthening beams, change static scheme are described.

The results of the experimental research of the strength and deformability of normal cross sections of reinforced concrete beams reinforced in tension area with additional sheet reinforcement without the bond.

he design, methodology and results of the static tests of cross-ribbed reinforced concrete span structure by TP no. 56 before and after the reconstruction are described. Experimental study served as a model for reinforced concrete beam cross-ribbed span structure calculation span of 21.6 m and a clearance Г-6+2×0,85 m, built in 1969 by