equality

The article is devoted to the analysis of the genesis of the principle of equality in law and philosophical and legal ideas. It was established that the researched category was born in the period of Antiquity and is developing until now. Equality means the same position of people in society. This category has an axiological character and was formed evolutionarily, together with the development of the concepts of the state and law.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal policy in the field of combating age discrimination outside the labor sphere. Research methods are a complex of philosophical methods (in particular, dialectical and hermeneutic), general scientific (comparative, historical, analysis and synthesis) and special scientific methods (comparative legal and practice research methods). Results: the inadequacy of the legal policy of Ukraine and a number of European states regarding the restriction of people's rights as a factor in ensuring public health has been proven.

The article analyzes the problem of discrimination against a person or a group of persons as a social phenomenon that has a negative meaning for society, the state, and a person. It has been proven that manifestations of inequality are a complex social phenomenon subordinated to a simplified model of thinking about people with a certain individual characteristic with stereotypes, prejudice and stigmas.

The article identifies the main approaches to understanding civil society as a philosophical and legal category, which allowed to show pluralism of this definition. The author analyzes the conceptual foundations of civil society in the history of philosophical and  legal discourse. It is substantiated that the invariant content of the concept of civil society remained the ideas of freedom, equality, justice, social values and virtues. It is emphasized that modern civil society is a guarantee of democratization and needs proper legal support in the context of globalization challenges.

In the paper the right to education. Particular attention is paid to the understanding of the principle of equal right to education. The analysis of international instruments in the field of equal right to education. Specified on the development of the right to education in modern conditions of statehood.

In terms of competitiveness of the domestic proceedings and the ambiguous approach of the theory of the judicial process and the legislator to judge procedural manifestations of activity in court cases urgent problem of the judge's discretion in the preparation for the trial, in a case in court, the reopening of the case in view of new or newly discovered facts.

The article analyzes the historical conditions of the polemical current formation. The causes of the Brest Union adoption and its consequences for the Ukrainian society at the end of XVI – the beginning of the XVII century are analysed. It analyses the impact of the polemical struggle on the formation of the philosophical and legal ideas in Ukraine.

In the article the understanding of justice. The complex philosophical and legal ideas and views on the category justice thinkers summarized in three stages: ancient philosophical and legal thought, representatives of the school of “natural law” and a modern understanding of justice. The attention that this is an essential category of rights.