lawyer

The article analyzes the study of the genesis of legal activity in the Anglo-American legal family on the examples of the “maternal” legal systems of England and the USA, as well as the peculiarities of the activity of lawyers in various spheres of public life, the variety of legal specialties, forms and areas of participation of lawyers in law-making, enforcement, the activities of law enforcement agencies and human rights organizations, the provision of legal services.

In civilized democratic states, an advocate is an integral factor in the legal system and the main non-state institution for the protection of the individual, his rights and freedoms. Thus, the lawyer, in the fullest sense of the word, defines the right to legal protection or legal assistance provided by lawyers to those in need. Advocacy is an extremely important instrument of democracy, because in essence it is the organization of professional advocates and performs such a public function as protecting the fundamental rights of the individual.

The article is devoted to defining the general principles of the organization and functioning of the bar in foreign countries. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of primary, secondary and tertiary levels, national and supranational standards of legal support for the functioning of the bar in the EU. The article deals with the general principles of the organization and functioning of the lawyers of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the USA. Particular attention is devoted to the establishment of the Institute of Advocacy in modern developed countries.

The article analyzes the role of the Ukrainian Bar Institute in the mechanism ofprotection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms. Attention is drawn to the fact that themodern component of the characteristics of the national bar association is directly related to14the change of vector not only in the field of improvement of the judicial system, but also as anindependent civil society institute formed in Ukraine.

Adequate legal protection in the criminal process plays a leading role, as it is an
extremely important and obligatory element of state and public development, and serves as the
basis for the formation of a democratic rule of law and civil society. Building a rule of law is
impossible without respecting the guarantees of human rights protection, without providing a
clear mechanism for the functioning of such a specific democratic institution, such as the bar.
The value of legal institutions that are called upon to protect human rights is growing

The article is devoted to the review of the notion of the principle of adversarialism and
the proof of a reasonable relationship between the competition principle, the equality of the
parties and the activity of the court in order to ensure equality of evidence of the parties’
capabilities, which should be in line with the tendencies towards the socialization of the
functions of justice.

Principles  of  advocacy  have  an  indisputable  significance  to  characterize  the  functional 
and  organizational  foundations  of  the  advocacy,  as  they  are  the  basic  principles  defining  the 
essence  of  advocacy  and  advocacy.  Advocacy  principles  allow  to  explore  the  functional  and 
organizational  foundations  of  the  advocacy  through  the  system  of  ideas  enshrined  in  the 
legislation,  each  of  which  reflects  a  certain  specific  the  beginning,  and  collectively 

In  civilized  democratic  states,  an  advocate  is  an  integral  factor  in  the  legal  system  and 
the  main  non-state  institution  for  the  protection  of  the  individual,  his  rights  and  freedoms. 
Thus,  the  lawyer,  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  word,  defines  the  right  to  legal  protection  or  legal 
assistance  provided  by  lawyers  to  those  in  need.  Advocacy  is  an  extremely  important 
instrument  of  democracy,  because  in  essence  it  is  the  organization  of  professional  advocates 

The article analyzes the concept of “legal assistance”, discussed the philosophical and legal foundation of its existence, the basis of which laid the claim that a person who adheres to the norms of morality in daily life, according to adhere to and the requirements of the law, because it is based on universal values, developed by throughout the existence of human norms, which are the first regulators of social life.