адвокат

In civilized democracies, the bar is an integral factor of the legal system and the main non-state institution for the protection of the individual, his rights and freedoms. In modern conditions, when the issue of effective reform of the legal system of the state, its approximation to European standards - the standards of countries with better legal awareness and legal culture, there are problematic issues of formation and development of legal aid as a guarantee of law and order in civil society in Ukraine.

The comparative analysis of conceptual bases of the legal status of the lawyer in Ukraine and foreign countries is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the study of the independence of the lawyer as a fundamental condition for the practice of law. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign legislation on advocacy, scientific and theoretical works, case law, international standards of the legal profession reveals the essence of the structural elements of the legal status of a lawyer (professional rights and responsibilities, guarantees of advocacy and liability of a lawyer).

A study of the nature of the category "legal status of a lawyer" has shown that it is one of the most fundamental and at the same time one of the most complex categories in jurisprudence. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, this category has received a wide range of applications both in legal theory and in practice, and on the other - in modern legal science there is no single (universal) approach to understanding its essence.

The article defines the essence of legal ethics as certain components, namely: a) the purpose (mission) of a lawyer is to protect the interests of his client, providing him with the necessary professional legal assistance, which must be provided continuously and at the appropriate professional level.

The article is devoted to a consideration of some problematic issues of functioning of the advocatory self-government in Ukraine. It is accentuated on its importance as a non-governmental
institute created for the independent resolution of self-organization and advocacy activities. The tasks entrusted to units of advocatory self-government are considered. Attention is drawn to problems of

The article analyzes the study of the genesis of legal activity in the Anglo-American legal family on the examples of the “maternal” legal systems of England and the USA, as well as the peculiarities of the activity of lawyers in various spheres of public life, the variety of legal specialties, forms and areas of participation of lawyers in law-making, enforcement, the activities of law enforcement agencies and human rights organizations, the provision of legal services.

In civilized democratic states, an advocate is an integral factor in the legal system and the main non-state institution for the protection of the individual, his rights and freedoms. Thus, the lawyer, in the fullest sense of the word, defines the right to legal protection or legal assistance provided by lawyers to those in need. Advocacy is an extremely important instrument of democracy, because in essence it is the organization of professional advocates and performs such a public function as protecting the fundamental rights of the individual.

The legislation governing the participation of a lawyer in the civil process of Ukraine has been analyzed. The activity of lawyers as a legal institute, which stands for the protection of citizens' rights and reflects the state and level of democracy in the country, is elaborated. Considering how stable it is, has a clear organization, is governed by the laws and is protected depends largely on the confidence of each member of society in their well-being and in the success of their business activities.

The article is devoted to defining the general principles of the organization and functioning of the bar in foreign countries. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of primary, secondary and tertiary levels, national and supranational standards of legal support for the functioning of the bar in the EU. The article deals with the general principles of the organization and functioning of the lawyers of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the USA. Particular attention is devoted to the establishment of the Institute of Advocacy in modern developed countries.

The article analyzes the role of the Ukrainian Bar Institute in the mechanism ofprotection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms. Attention is drawn to the fact that themodern component of the characteristics of the national bar association is directly related to14the change of vector not only in the field of improvement of the judicial system, but also as anindependent civil society institute formed in Ukraine.