diesel fuel

The process of degradation of biodiesel of vegetable origin (rapeseed and sunflower) under the influence of various factors is considered. Existing methods of determining microbiological contamination of substances are analyzed, their main advantages, disadvantages, and limits of use are determined. Based on the combination of existing methods, a method of qualitative and quantitative determination of the degree of microbiological (bacterial and mycological) damage to fuels has been developed.

The jet and diesel fuels production line has been simulated using the universal simulating program ChemCad. The choice of the rectification process calculation module was substantiated. The Grayson-Streed and Lee Kesler models were used for the calculation of the thermodynamic system and the phase equilibrium of the multicomponent mixture. The model of an oil mixture distillation unit for jet and diesel fuels production has been developed.

In the article the chemistry of the noncatalytic oxidative desulfurization process of distillate oil fractions is analyzed. The study involves the characteristics of high-sulfur straight-run diesel fraction of narrow composition (593–623 K) before and after oxidation by air at 453–493 K and a pressure of 3.0 MPa. The composition of sulfur compounds in the raw material fraction was determined. It is shown that straight-run fractions of raw materials may also contain sulfoxides, which are products of oxidation of organosulfur compounds and are formed during storage of petroleum products.

The article deals with the determination of hydrodynamic parameters necessary to conduct the desulfurization process of straight-run kerosene (SRKF) and straight-run diesel fractions (SRDF) via oxidation of sulfuric organic compounds, followed by the removal of oxidation products. The established parameters which are characterized by the linear rate of the oxidant (air) movement and the dummy contact time between the oxidant and the feedstock allow the process to be carried out without stirring.

Cyclohexane oxidation is object of this research. One of the most problematic points of this process is low conversion of raw material and low selectivities for aim-products at conversions higher than 4%. One of the reasons for this is absence of modern effective catalytic systems that could increase mentioned indexes. One of the directions of solving these problems is the creation of a technology for the integrated use of the obtained oxidation products on the basis of the developed new effective catalytic systems, which will enable to increase the selectivity of the process.

The features of adipic acid esterification with 1-butanol in the presence of aluminosilicates activated with sulfuric acid as a catalyst have been studied. The optimal process conditions have been determined. The influence of a heterogeneous catalyst nature on the esterification proceeding has been defined. Досліджено закономірності естерифікації адипінової кислоти 1-бутанолом у при- сутності активованих сульфатною кислотою алюмосилікатів як каталізаторів. Визначено оптимальні умови процесу. Встановлено вплив природи гетерогенного каталізатора на перебіг естерифікації. 

The review and analysis of oxidation processes necessary for quality improvement of oil fractions boiling to 623 K have been carried out. Different oxidative technologies for crude oil processing have been examined. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown.

The effect of temperature and water:raw material ratio on the oxidative desulphurization of straight-run diesel fraction 553–623 K has been examined. The optimum values of temperature and diesel fuel:water ratio for the fuel containing 0.87 wt % of sulphuric compounds have been determined.

The article deals with desulphurization of straight-run diesel fractions by selective oxidation of sulphuric compounds with their further separation. The possibility of commercial diesel fuels production with sulphur content up to 0.2 mas % from straight-run fractions with sulphur content of 0.25–0.67 mas % has been shown.

The article deals with the development of technological scheme for refining oils extracted in Iraq. Basic characteristics and physico-chemical properties of Iraq oils have been considered. The main stages of oil refining and processing have been described. Material balances of each processing stage have been calculated.