Visual perception plays a crucial role in the safety of road users. However, certain conditions such as twilight, the impact of bad weather, dirty windshields, etc. have a negative impact, which in turn increase the likelihood of traffic accidents (TAs) [1]. The ever increasing number of vehicles on the road is an additional potential danger. In response to these factors work is constantly being done to modernize existing and develop new lighting devices.
Vehicular headlights are firstly assigned to optimally illuminate the roadbed in order to ensure safety [2]. For this reason headlights, including their light source, are important safety elements for vehicles, and their application requires official permission. The type and location of vehicular lighting, as well as their design, light source, color and light settings are regulated by law [3].
Automakers pay sufficient attention to the fuel economy and safety of their vehicles. So for this reason automotive light sources, such as incandescent and gas-discharge (HID) bulbs, are increasingly being replaced by LED and laser diode bulbs as they provide superior lighting with lower power consumption. This in turn leads to increased vehicle safety and economy [3].
[1] D. Mace, et. al., “Countermeasures for Reducing the Effects of Headlight Glare,” The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety: Washington, D.C., 2001. https://doi.org/10.1037/e579652007-001
[2] A. S. Lytvynenko and O. L. Cherkashyna, Svitlovi prylady [Light devices]. Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2001, 125 p. [in Ukrainian].
[3] B. Wördenweber, J. Wallaschek, P. Boyce and D. Hoffman, Automotive lighting and human vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007, 409 p.
[4] J. Fekete, C. Sik-Lányi and J. Shanda, “Night-time driving – new light sources in car headlamps”, in Proc. of the CIE Midterm Meeting y Congreso Internacional de Illuminacion, Leon, France, 2005, pp. 2–9.
[5] K. Rumar, “A Worldwide Perspective on Future Automobile Lighting”, The University of Michigan: Michigan, USA, Rep. UMTRI-2001-35, 2001.
[6] V. P. Kuzhel, “Doslidzhennia osvitlenosti, zabezpechuvanoi avtomobilnymy faramy” [“Investigation of illumination provided by automobile headlights”], Visnyk Vinnytskoho politekhnichnoho instytutu [Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute], no. 1, pp. 78–81, 2010. [in Ukrainian].
[7] I. K. Shasha, H. M. Marenko and R. O. Kaidalov, “Doslidzhennia osoblyvostei provedennia naturnykh eksperymentiv z otsiniuvannia roboty svitlovykh system transportnykh mashyn ta spryiniattia dorozhnoi obstanovky vodiiem” [“Investigation of the peculiarities of conducting natural experiments on the evaluation of the work of light systems of transport vehicles and the perception of a driving environment by a driver”], Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Akademii vnutrishnikh viisk MVS Ukrainy [Collection of scientific works of the Academy of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine], vol. 2 (14), pp. 16–19, 2009. [in Ukrainian].
[8] I. K. Shasha, H. M. Marenko and R. O. Kaidalov, “Osoblyvosti otsiniuvannia roboty svitlovykh system transportnykh mashyn” [“The Features of Assessment of Lighting Systems of Transport Machines”], Skhidnoievropeiskyi zhurnal peredovykh tekhnolohii [Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies], vol. 5, no. 3 (47), pp. 62–64, 2010. [in Ukrainian].
[9] Svet – jeto tehnologija. Nou-hau dlja proffesionalov [Light is technology. Know-how for proffesionals], Lippstadt, Germany: HELLA KGaA Hueck & Co., 2011, 83 p. [in Russian].
[10] V. O. Baranova and O. Y. Nikonov, “Perspektyvy rozvytku novitnikh tekhnolohii adaptyvnoho holovnoho svitla avtomobilia” [“Prospects of modern technology of adaptive front-lighting system of automobile”], Systemy obrobky informatsii [Information Processing Systems], vol. 8 (124), pp. 13–18, 2014. [in Ukrainian].
[11] Kolisni transportni zasoby. Vymohy shchodo bezpechnosti tekhnichnoho stanu ta metody kontroliuvannia [Wheeled vehicles. Technical safety and control requirements], DSTU 3649:2010, 2010. [in Ukrainian].